Risk of transmission per unprotected sexual act with an infected person Cause TransmissionĪ sexually transmitted infection present in a pregnant woman may be passed on to the infant before or after birth. The presence of an STI in prepubescent children may indicate sexual abuse. Depending on the disease, some untreated STIs can lead to infertility, chronic pain or death. In some instances a disease can be carried with no symptoms, which leaves a greater risk of passing the disease on to others. Not all STIs are symptomatic, and symptoms may not appear immediately after infection. The term sexually transmitted infection is generally preferred over sexually transmitted disease or venereal disease, as it includes those who do not have symptomatic disease. There is often shame and stigma associated with STIs. Historical documentation of STIs dates back to at least the Ebers papyrus around 1550 BC and the Old Testament. In the United States, there were 19 million new cases of STIs in 2010. STIs other than HIV resulted in 108,000 deaths in 2015. At least an additional 530 million people have genital herpes, and 290 million women have human papillomavirus. About 500 million were infected with either syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia or trichomoniasis. In 2015, about 1.1 billion people had STIs other than HIV/AIDS. Most STIs are treatable and curable of the most common infections, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis are curable, while HIV/AIDS and genital herpes are not curable. Comprehensive sex education may also be useful. Safe sex practices, such as use of condoms, having a smaller number of sexual partners, and being in a relationship in which each person only has sex with the other also decreases the risk of STIs. Some vaccinations may also decrease the risk of certain infections including hepatitis B and some types of HPV.
STI diagnostic tests are usually easily available in the developed world, but they are often unavailable in the developing world. Viral STIs include genital herpes, HIV/AIDS, and genital warts. īacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Symptoms and signs of STIs may include vaginal discharge, penile discharge, ulcers on or around the genitals, and pelvic pain. STIs often do not initially cause symptoms, which results in a risk of passing the infection on to others. Sexually transmitted infections ( STIs), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs) and the older term venereal diseases, are infections that are spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, and oral sex. Not having sex, vaccinations, condoms ġ.1 billion (STIs other than HIV/AIDS, 2015) ġ08,000 (STIs other than HIV/AIDS, 2015) None, vaginal discharge, penile discharge, ulcers on or around the genitals, pelvic pain Medical condition Sexually transmitted infection
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